for more details. The case name should be printed in italics, including the v, and the v should not be followed by a full stop. It is good practice to use cross citation as little as possible. J, 'The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Thirteen Years in the Making but was it Worth the Wait?' El Gharras, H. 2009. If the judge is a peer, refer to them as Lord, e.g. PCMLP University of Oxford, An introduction to Legal Citation Using OSCOLA accessed 04 November 2015, https://subjectguides.york.ac.uk/referencing-style-guides, A House of Lords judge should be referred to as, A Supreme Court judge should be referred to as, The Lord Chief Justice can be abbreviated to. Use ch. when referring to a chapter and vol. for a volume. See3.4.6 OSCOLA 4th ed. The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) was developed at Oxford University, andis widely used by law schools and publishers to acknowledge source information. Neville states that The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal was involved in developing the OSCOLA referencing system. If no person, organisation or institution claims responsibility for the work, begin the citation with the title. Communications (Isle of Man) Order 2020, SI 2020/149. The list is organised by type of source, and then alphabetically. A z can be used in official names of organisations (e.g. Authors are responsible for ensuring that their submission conforms to SCRIPTeds formatting style (see below and our Article and Book Review templates), and for ensuring that all citations are accurate. After that, you can shorten it. Referees will recommend one of the following options: (1) accept outright for publication; (2) accept subject to minor modification; (3) accept subject to major modification; (4) reject outright. Cases are written in a similar format here and in the main text; the only difference is the names of the parties involved are not italicised in the table of cases: The table of legislation includes all legal sources used other than cases for example, bills, Acts of Parliament and SIs. For example: Use an indented paragraph, no quotation marks and a line space above and below. For further references to the case, use a short form of the case name and a cross-citation in brackets to the original footnote. ); and (5) success of synthesis between areas for those submissions purporting to be interdisciplinary. [Accessed 10 June 2013]. The Lord Chancellor (now no longer a judge) should be abbreviated as Lord Brown LC, the Lord Chief Justice as Lord Brown CJ, and the Master of the Rolls as 20 Lord Brown MR. Put a comma after the first page of the article if there is a pinpoint. Dove, Chen, and Diver. World Health Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization) and when quoting text that uses the American spelling. J Herring). URLs should not be italicised, put within or within (parentheses). When referencing a source that is online other than a journal or book, cite the name of the author (or institution), followed by the title of the webpage. (2022, May 05). A pinpoint is a precise reference to the part of a judgment or report through numbered paragraphs or page numbers. Referencing is an essential part of academic writing. OSCOLA does not purport to be comprehensive, but gives rules and examples for . Even if youre still at school, learning how to reference now means you wont get caught out at university. Finding credible sources Use search strategies to narrow down your results, and evaluate the sources that are appropriate for your assignment. When the previous reference to the source was in an earlier footnote (i.e. Remove Additional Authors, Add a 5th Author When you cite hard copy journal articles, give the authors name first, followed by a comma. H4;@ $7 1 1. Note that OSCOLA recommends abbreviating Oxford University Press to OUP; this is not the case with other publishers. Bibliography entries differ from citations in terms of their presentation of the authors name. Mike Molan, Duncan Bloy and Denis Lanser. There are three series of Hansard, one reporting debates on the floor of the House of Commons, one debates in the House of Lords, and one debates in the Public Bill committees of the House of Commons, which replaced standing committees in 2007. When a Bill is reprinted at any stage it is given a new running number. (Oxford: OUP, 2018)). Subsequent citations of secondary sources: use the author's or authors' surname(s): 1. Dont put a comma before the year. Note thatSCRIPTed does not charge authors any fees to submit, process, or publish a manuscript. Pinpoints follow the citation and come before the web address. Example: Topping S, Beck D and Wilson P, Analysing Law (Routledge, London 2008). For example: Graham Greenleaf, The Global Development of Free Access to Legal Information (2010) 1(1) EJLT accessed 27 July 2010. Give the full citation the first time you reference it. Quotes in a foreign language should normally appear in English translation, but the original text may also be reproduced if it is necessary that the text be examined closely. If a footnote references more than one work by the same author or authors, or refers to a prior footnote containing more than one work, please cite the surname(s) of the author(s), a shortened title of the work being cited, and the footnote where it first appears, e.g. You can search by abbreviation to find the title, or by title to find the abbreviation. If you do not know the page numbers then leave this blank and [no pagination] will be entered. Please also consult the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) for correct spellings. Follow that example, tidying it up to make it consistent with OSCOLA styles (eg, change double quotes to single and full stops to commas, removing those that are unnecessary; change OED Online to italics; change Oxford University Press to OUP and put it before the date; and remove http:// from the web address and delete any text after the Entry number, then put angle brackets around the url): For other online dictionaries, follow the general advice above. British Medical Journal podcast, 'Insanity in the Dock' (20 July 2012) 10:30-11:15 accessed 15 April 2014. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - LawTeacher is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. accessed 17 November 2014. when other citations appear in between), use the authors last name or the title (shortened if its a longer title), followed by the number of the previous citation (in brackets and preceded by n), then the page number youre pinpointing (if different than the first citation): OSCOLA provides formats for a variety of source types. Pinpointing is not used in the bibliography. In the bibliography list all of the authors. Simply reference the relevant source as you would a paper copy. Ibid., in italics, should be used for consecutive citations. If the information is only available online, give the URL before the accessed date information. When citing explanatory notes to statutes, precede the name of the statue with Explanatory notes to the. Statutory instruments (orders, regulations or rules) are numbered consecutively throughout the year. Authors should provide between three and six keywords highlighting the field(s) and topic(s) of their submission. If there is no author, cite the editor or translator as an author, adding in brackets after their name. For articles with four or more authors, use the first name and surname of the first author followed by et al. which is not italicised (e.g. (See our abbreviations section below for further guidance). If there is more than one editor or translator, put (eds) or (trs). Include the edition and year. Reference either an on-line or printed Journal Article, Select a different Source Type See examples, Enter the Surname and Initials for each Author of the Journal, You must enter at least one Author including their first initial, Add a 3rd Author When citing journal articles which have been published only electronically, give publication details as for articles in hard copy journals, but note that online journals may lack some of the publication elements (for example, many do not include page numbers). OSCOLA is a footnote style: all citations . For example: List under Secondary Sources in alphabetical order. Follow the citation with the web address (in angled brackets) and the date you most recently accessed the article. JAG Griffith, The Common Law and the Political Constitution (2001) 117 LQR 42, 64, 2. This is the Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities. A footnote always ends with a full stop: To save space in OSCOLA citations, abbreviations are used for the names of various publications and legal bodies. Otherwise, follow the rules for Books. HC Deb 5 February 2020, vol 671, col 300. Journal articles. author, | title | [year] | journal name or abbreviation | first page of article,| specific page referred to, author, | title | (year) | volume | journal name or abbreviation | first page of article. Ensure that all punctuation is within the quotes (e.g. Older books do not have ISBNs, but you should cite them as books even if you read them online. If you study Law at university, youll use the OSCOLA referencing system. Morten Hviid, Sofia Izquierdo-Sanchez, and Sabine Jacques, Computers as Inventors Legal and Policy Implications of Artificial Intelligence on Patent Law, http://www.askoxford.com/betterwriting/us/?view=uk, Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA), https://www.openrightsgroup.org/blog/2017/a-brief-chance-for-better-uk-data-protection-law, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/09/uber-licence-drivers-gmb-transport-for-london, Timed influence: The future of Modern (Family) life and the law, Predicting Innovation: Why Facebook/WhatsApp Merger Flunked, Georgia vs. Public.Resource.org: The Morning After. GDPR, art. Say goodbye to inaccurate citations! When pinpointing (referring to a specific page in an article) put the first page of the article followed by a comma, a space and the page of the pinpoint. Be sure that quotation marks are consistent (e.g. If you are yourself the author or recipient of the communication, say from author or to author as appropriate. To cite a print journaluse the following format: Author, title [year] journal name or abbreviation first page of article, Author, title (year) volume journal name or abbreviation first page of article. 13 Hugh Jones and Christopher Benson, Publishing Law (4th edn, Routledge 2011) 32, The only difference is the author is now listed surname first for the first author and you do not include page numbers, Author,Title(edition, Publisher | year), Jones Hand C Benson, Publishing Law (4th edn, Routledge 2011), For two or three authors, all named authors must be included. In a longer work, such as a thesis or dissertation, OSCOLA requires you to include tables listing any cases and legislation you cited, as well as a bibliography listing any secondary sources. author, | 'Title' | date | volume number | journal title | 1st page of article | pinpoint (if needed) Paul Craig, 'Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law' [2005] PL 440. All submissions will be subject to the journals Editorial and Refereeing Policies. For reports where each year is also identified with a volume number, the year appears in normal brackets. Try to be specific and use a specific footnote number (For exampleSee n 52for the footnote. You should cite an Act by its short title and year in roman, using capitals for the major words. List cases in the bibliography in alphabetic order of case names. statutes and so on), as well as secondary sources such as books, journal articles, websites and policy statements . Please use double quotation marks ( ) when defining a term for use in the article (e.g. Quotes less than 3 lines of text should appear in the body and be identified with double quotation marks (), with quotes within such quotes identified with single quotation marks (). Title | HC Bill | (session) | [number] OR title | HL Bill | (session) | number. Before 1996, the offocial reports were known and Series A and numbered consecutively. If citing an online encyclopedia, give the URL and date of access: See OSCOLA 4th edn 3.2.6 for more details. Bibliography: 35-36. Generally, footnotes should be used for citationof sources, rather than for additional text. OSCOLA referencing guide (Online): Repeating Citations Subsequent citations The first time a source is mentioned, you must give the citation in full. Authors may provide an English translation of their submission, in which case both versions will be published (if they wish). Along with an overview of referencing, our authors share their thoughts on why referencing is used in academic writing. If the information is available in print, reference the print version. Quotes within such quotes should be presented with double quotation marks (). For more detailed information, see OSCOLA 1.5. OSCOLA is a footnote referencing style. A pinpoint is a reference to a particular paragraph of a judgement or page of a report. If referring to a different page in the same source, use Ibid., followed by a comma and the number of the relevant page (e.g. Use the following format to cite cases. Email from Amazon.co.uk to author (16 December 2008), CJ Friedrich, Constitutions and Constitutionalism, International. If there is no date of publication on the website, give only the date of access. GDPR, Recital 25. Some newspapers have The in the title and some do not. A Court of Appeal Judge who is Lord or Lady Smith should be referred to asSmith LJ. When you dont need to use the year to identify the law report volume, give the year of judgement (not publication) in round brackets. Rose v Melanson (2005), 194 OAC 186 (Ont CA). If only youd done it in the first place! When citing newspaper articles, give the author, the title, the name of the newspaper in italics and then in brackets the city of publication and the date. concept X, not concept X). There should be an asterisk (*) after each authors name, which corresponds to an asterisked footnote, giving the authors current position(s) of employment, department where appropriate, university, city, country, and email address (e.g. You must insert an 'and' before the last author's name. The table of cases comes first, followed by the table of legislation, and then the bibliography. Cross-references to footnotes above should take the form supran. 25, and cross-references to footnotes below should take the form infra n. 25. In it, you assign each citation a footnote that duplicates the reference at the end of the paper almost precisely, with some exceptions such as using a specific page number. See 3.3.4 OSCOLA 4th edn for more details. An example of the bibliography for an online article: GobertJ, 'The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Thirteen Years in the Making but was it Worth the Wait?' OR use s for Section in the middle of a sentence. The year combines with the serial number to make an SI number that follows the abbreviations SI, which we use to identify the legislation. Capitalisation is appropriate for names of persons, places, institutions and intellectual movements (e.g. For the OED online, open the full entry for the word, and click on the Cite button (top right above the definition). You should refer to the year the Act was passed rather than the year it came into force. For example: Also, order the sources with legislation before cases, and primary sources before secondary. T2p210g0r`>Pj%mei P *VBQ@\37U0wt0TtVtw4dw4"v0;*:Hp,PZ=Hs1~13pa` 1``R @A I^x(3p)CT1r u0Yy Dual-band photodetectors (DBPDs) have played an essential role in multispectral information monitoring, including civil and military areas. To cite a print journaluse the following, The bibliography is the same format as the footnote except that. When citing courts, indicate the court in brackets after the first page of the report, and before the pinpoint if there is one. Laurence Diver and Burkhard Schafer, Opening the Black Box: Petri Nets and Privacy by Design, International Review of Law, Computers and Technology(forthcoming). Youve extracted the key research, peppered your content with incisive observations, and youve just typed the last words of your Law essay conclusion. JAG Griffith, 'The Common Law and the Political Constitution' (2001) 117 LQR 42, 64. Legal sources such as cases and statues may be cited, along with secondary sources, for example, books and journals. For specific references, include a comma, followed by the chapter or page number, including ch. and/or p.. for more details. An example of a typical case citation without a neutral citation is: When the year is used to identify the law report volume, you should always put it in square brackets. If you are referring to a particular Act a number of times in the same place, you can provide an abbreviated form of the title in the footnotes, as long as you let your reader know in advance. Articles should not normally exceed 10,000 words (including footnotes). If only available on the web, reference as follows: In the bibliography, list in Secondary Sources. Please ensure there is a full stop at the end of every footnote. If there is no clear author, give the organisation providing the source as the author. The Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is a referencing style used by students and academics in law. If the case name is included in the text, omit it in the footnote. Be aware of the difference before and after 1996. Misc (multiple authors, editors.) Lord Williams. A full, searchable index of these abbreviations can be found here. Paragraphs following headings are not indented, but continuing paragraphs are. Subsequent citations use only the surname, The full title of the article within double quotation marks () and capitalisation of all primary words, The year of publication in round brackets (unless there is no volume number), The volume number in Arabic numerals followed by the issue number in brackets (see examples below), The full name of the journal (in italics), The first and last page of the article (without pp.), If a more specific page reference is being given, the page number(s) (including p. or pp.). Use ( )if the date of publication is NOT needed to find the article eg. Author (s) Enter the Surname and Initials for each Author of the Journal Author Surname * Author Firstname OR Initial (s) * Our comprehensive guide refers to the 4th edition of OSCOLA produced by the University of Oxford. The targeted compounds are widely studied nanotubes attaining exquisite nanostructures due to their distinguishable properties attaining numeric values. Simon Tonking, Jury Trial (BBC Radio 4, 1 May 2010) accessed 15 February 2013. (2008) 71 MRL 413 accessed 15 Jan 2014. If it does not follow on directly, put the author's surname followed by a cross reference to the original footnote, eg. 25. Paul Craig, 'Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law' [2005] PL 440. Each source only needs to be listed once, even if you have referred to it multiple times. Tonking S,Jury Trial (BBC Radio 4, 1 May 2010) accessed 15 February 2013. Introduction to OSCOLA referencing style The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) was developed at Oxford University, and is widely used by law schools and publishers to acknowledge source information. Statutory instruments (SIs) are numbered consecutively throughout the year; its this number that appears at the end of the citation the example below is the 149th SI of 2020. You should cite the authors name first, followed by a comma, and then the title of the book in italics. Articles, Analysis Pieces, and Case/Legislation Comments. Sidaway v Board of Governors of the Bethlem Royal Hospital, [1984] 1 All ER 1018 (CA) (hereinafterSidaway). Use these examples alongside the informationgiven in the 'Guidance for all source types' box. For more detailed information see OSCOLA 2.1.7. Dimas S, EU Environment Commissioner, 'Improving Environmental Quality through Carbon Trading' (Speech at the Carbon Expo Conference, Kln, 2 May 2007) accessed 29 May 2011. 2006). Book. Having determined suitability, the Managing Editor assigns Articles to a Supervising Editor, who in turn assigns it to an Assistant Editor with particular experience and/or interest in the field. The Assistant Editor is responsible for sending the submission to at least two recognised experts for independent, external peer review. Author, Title in Italics Capitalising Major Words(Edition, Publisher Year) page. Running numbers for House of Commons Bills are put in square brackets; those for House of Lords Bills are not. In the text,a number in superscript1is added at the end of a sentence and after the punctuation. Traditional multispectral detectors usually consist of multiple monochromatic detectors or use filters to achieve specific wavelength detection. Balogh v Hungary App no 47940/99 (ECtHR, 20 July 2004). Mike Molan, Duncan Bloy and Denis Lanser If there are more than three authors, cite the first author followed by 'and others'. (Mr or Mrs Justice Smith should be called Smith J in your text). hbbd``b`ADk$,A"z g $qYq# The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is designed to help the author to achieve consistency and to make life easier for the reader". You write HC Bill or HL Bill depending upon which house it is, and bill numbers for Commons bills appear in square brackets. zR=S7nm9LjQtl3osesk'$CY'o/.Tk1wl^+WO]d6zAv#%uS59?\+M=ow3NI1jHNuG*E. x$G'Fe#{gEq&**p[wSRgG=ar\. for more details. There is no need to cite an electronic source for such a publication. You remember that in all those pages of research, you forgot to reference the sources you used. Remove additional data for ONLINE sources, Enter the date you accessed the journal in dd Month YYYY format. A citation footnote appears whenever you quote from, paraphrase or otherwise refer to the content of a source in your text. Based on Referee Reports and his or her own assessment, the Managing Editor will make a recommendation on disposition to the Editorial Board, which has final responsibility for each decision on each submission. The examples below include a suggestion for citing the comments of a particular person. ), Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (2008), available at, Mike Morel, A Brief Chance for Better UK Data Protection Law (Open Rights Group, 8 May 2017), available at, Sarah Butler and Gwyn Topham, Uber Should Lost its Licence if it Doesnt Improve Workers Rights, Say Drivers (The Guardian, 9 May 2017), available at. From 2001, case numbers were used instead of page numbers. ' The point of these citations is to direct your reader to the alphabetised reference list, where you give full information about each source. John Smith). If citation advice is provided by the online journal, follow it, removing full stops as necessary to comply with OSCOLA. Institutions and inflows of foreign direct investment: a fuzzy-set analysis. You should cite all publications with an ISBN as if they were books, whether you read them online or in hard copy. In the Bibliographythe surname is provided first, followed by the initial of the first name: If there are up to three authors, cite all the authors: Author 1, Author 2 and Author 3. e.g. Author,Title in Italics(edition, publisher date) page. Also consider elements of the style advice for websites and blogs (section 3.4.8). ), For more detailed information see OSCOLA 1.2.2. For subsequent citation of secondary sources, you only need the authors surname. (2008) 71 MRL 413 accessed 15 Jan 2014, European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) cases. (iii) By multiple authors Either list all the authors' names or list the first author's name followed by "et al." D AVID H UNTER ET AL., I NTERNATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL L AW AND P OLICY 555 (3rd ed. If you have questions about reference formats, please contact us with your query using the Query form on the guide, or email us at library.infoservices@mu.ie. See3.4.2 OSCOLA 4th ed. Cruft R, Title of Book Review (2011) Law & Philosophy 637, Ben McFarlane and Donal Nolan, Remedying Reliance: The Future Development of Promissory and Proprietary Estoppel in English Law (Obligations III conference, Brisbane, July 2006), 1. So, the Children Act 1989 becomes CA 1989 (not just CA). Williams J: OSCOLA uses a system of cross-referencing to save space when you repeatedly cite the same source. If you source an article online which is also available in hard copy, cite the hard copy version. In most cases journal titles have both a volume number and a year so round brackets will normally be used. In the footnote, the authors name should be provided exactly as it appears in the publication, omitting postnominals such as QC: (Note: sometimes only first name initials are provided on the publication so your footnote will reflect this e.g. Graham Greenleaf, The Global Development of Free Access to Legal Information (2010) 1(1) EJLT accessed 27 July 2010. You should use Re the Domestic Abuse Act 2017 rather than In the matter of the Domestic Abuse act 2017. For example, this footnote refers to two cases: If one or more references are more relevant than the others put these first and then see also. Author,Title(edition,Publisher | year) page number. . A submission will only be considered where the author warrants that their manuscript has not already been published or offered for publication elsewhere in whole, in part, or in substance (including on publicly accessible websites, such as SSRN). There is no specific guidance on this within OSCOLA. Example: Samuel Topping and others, Analysing Law (Routledge, London 2008). Round brackets ( ) are used when the year is not necessary to identify the relevant volume of the journal (e.g. For example: You do not need to footnote an Act if you make it identifiable in the text. If you do shorten names this way, you should always choose the name which comes first in the full name of the case in this case Glebe Motors, rather than Dixon-Greene. Author names in the bibliography are inverted, and initials are used in place of the first name: If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the Cite this Scribbr article button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. For example: Penalties for Disorderly Behaviour (Amendment of Minimum Age) Order 2004, SI 2004/3166. Graham Greenleaf, The Global Development of Free Access to Legal Information (2010) 1(1) EJLT accessed 27 July 2010. https://libguides.ials.sas.ac.uk/referencing, Practical tips on using library resources. SCRIPTeds in-house Article template should be used for all submissions except Book Reviews, i.e. Summer School 2023 is filling up fast. When you make a reference to a judge in a case, use the judges surname followed by the conventional abbreviation identifying their judicial office. If the case is not yet reported it should be cited with a reference to the relevant notice in the Official Journal: EC Commission v Ireland, Case C-134/89, [1989] OJ L145/1. Where available, include the DOI and the URL of the original publication, including available at.