Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. There is good reason for thinking that the Kassites were once neighbors of Indo-Europeans, in view of some affinities between their pantheon and the Indo-Aryan one (see Bloomfield, 1904; Balkan, 1986, p. 8; Eilers, 1957-58, p. 136 ad srya-). (1998, p. 83) advocate a lower chronology, thereby narrowing the gap between the end of the Old Babylonian period and, ca. Babylonia under the Sealand and Kassite Dynasties, edited by Susanne Paulus and Tim Clayden, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. This garden was cited as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by the historian Herodotus. The Babylonian Kudurru Inscriptions and their Legal and Sociohistorical Implications". The language of the Kassites remains unclassified (called a language isolate), differing from most common languages that exist today in the world. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". [15][16] Kudurrus, stone stele used to record land grants and related documents provide another source for Kassite history. (2015). 54, 1992, pp. 2 (1957), pp. kassites in the bible Katiliau and the Sumundar Canal: A New Middle Babylonian Royal Inscription. 233-42. We would much rather spend this money on producing more free history content for the world. 23. A Harmony of the Life of Jesus - Four gospel accounts in harmony. Most belong to the archives of the guenna (provincial governor) of the city of Nippur and seem to indicate a feudal system of government during the 14th and 13th centuries. Top level: Mesopotamian Gods in symbolic form, second level: animals and deities playing musical instruments (detail), "Unfinished" Kudurru, Kassite period, attributed to the reign of Melishipak, 1186-1172 B.C.E., found in Susa, where it had been taken as war booty in the 12th century B.C.E. Les Kassites, un peuple antique qui n'tait ni indo-europen, ni smite, tait originaire du Lorestan. This was followed by Dynasty II of Isin (1169-1039 b.c. The most advanced Bible dictionary as a part of Biblia Plus, which includes everything you need to take your Bible study to the next level. While it is hard sometimes to match particular events from the Amarna letters to exact biblical events from this time period, it is not hard to see that the land and culture in question is the same. [34] Being in close proximity the Assyrians and Kassites often came into political and military conflict over the next few centuries. Zamua, which was originally Lullubian (see LULUBI), had only one pertinent toponym, namely,Ban-ba-la, which may be the Kassite form of Babylon. If one judges by the onomasticon, the individuals bearing Kassite names were 7.72-5.31 percent of the general sample from Greater Media, i.e., the second group after the Iranians, whose percentage was 45.37-32.36 percent (see Zadok, 2002, pp. The images were made by stamping or rolling the seals into wet clay. This time period is the same time period we read about in Joshua and Judges (though, some scholars disagree on the exodus timing). The monument mostly speaks of military victories over Egypts enemies. The rulers of Allabria, Hubukia, and Ginguhtu, regions in the direction of present-day West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, bore Kassite names (Ianzi-buria, Ianz, and Ursi respectively). These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Most of the Kassite kings ruled on an average of 17 to 20 years. The Kassites first appear as a political factor in Babylonia in 1742 (or 1741) BCE, when they were opposed by both Samsiluna and Rm-Sn Is (see Stol, 1975, pp. The Kassites - Bible History The Kassites You are here: Home Ancient Babylonia Old Babylonian Period (2000 - 1595 BC) The Kassites Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. Dilmun (modern Bahrain) in the Persian Gulf was ruled by a Kassite governor. The first-millennium Babylonian King Lists assign the Kassite dynasty the longest rule of all the other dynasties who ruled Babylonia: 36 kings who ruled for 576 years and nine months. They are well represented among the great landowners. There is only soft evidence about whether or not the Habiru are actually the Hebrews. 41, no. The Kassites kings pursued a policy of dynastic marriages with rulers of the other contemporary Near Eastern powers, namely, Elam (from the reign of Burnaburia II onwards until that of Meli-hu; see van Dijk, 1986, pp. R. Pientka, Die Sptaltbabylonische Zeit: Abieu bis Samsuditana: Quellen, Jahresdaten, Geschichte, 1, 2, Imgula 2, Mnster, 1998. In the 12th century Elam struck the final blow at Kassite power in Babylonia, already weakened by local insurrection. 409-24. 44 f., 59). Hittite, member of an ancient Indo-European people who appeared in Anatolia at the beginning of the 2nd millennium bce; by 1340 bce they had become one of the dominant powers of the Middle East. Several individuals with Kassite names are recorded in the prism of Tunip-Teup from Tikunani (ca. What Caused The Bronze Age Collapse Of Civilization? (5 Theories) Babylonia under the Kassites: Some Aspects for Consideration". [59], Male head from Dur-Kurigalzu, Iraq, Kassite, reign of Marduk-apla-iddina I. Iraq Museum, Door socket from Dur-Kurigalzu, Iraq. We care about our planet! Richardson (2002, p. 54) points out that southern Mesopotamian refugees were absorbed in the northern cities, whereas members of non-Mesopotamian population groups, such as Kassites, Elamites, and West Semitic semi-nomads (Suteans, Ahlamites) were diverted to rural establishments, such as encampments and fortresses. The ruler Shutruk-Nakhkhunte is credited with permanently ending Kassite power. The work at Isin was initated by Kurigalzu I and continued by Kadashman-Enlil I, and after a lapse, by Adad-shuma-usur and Meli-Shipak II. A. Mesopotamian History and Sassmannshausen (2001, p. 137) infers that they were subjected to Kassite inspectors. Web. And the flood was in 1656 from Adam. Not long after the Elamites pillaged Ur and founded an Elamite kingdom inside Shnunna. Several suspected Kassite names are recorded in Ur III economic documents from southern Babylonia, but it is not known whence these individuals originally came (Zadok, 1987, p. 16; 1993, pp. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. G. Dosch and K. Deller, Die Familie Kizzuk - sieben Kassitengenerationen in Temtena und uriniwe, in M. A. Morrison, and D. I. Owen, eds., Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians in Honor of Ernest R. Lacheman on his 75th Birthday, Winona Lake, 1981, pp. Submitted by Jan van der Crabben, published on 03 August 2011. They are recorded as weavers and other textile workers, but are underrepresented in most of the other handicrafts (Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. xv). [13] In total, about 12,000 Kassite period documents have been recovered, of which only around 10% have been published. Cancik-Kirschbaum, 1996, no. Historians and scholars claim that their rule was the longest in the history of ancient Babylon. history of Mesopotamia: The Kassites in Babylonia. Click here to find out more about this unique and fun Bible study tool! Is The NIV Purposefully Removing References To Fasting? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. and debt slaves, thereby containing internal inequalities of wealth and legal status (slave-free continuum: see Brinkman, 1982). Old Testament Overview - General survey of the Old Testament. After these role models are gone, Israel has 15 Judges in this historical account. The Babylonian territory had experienced internal strife and rebellion and the people of Elam took advantage of this situation and conquered Babylon. "The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State." Political Interactions between Kassite Babylonia and Assyria, Egypt and atti during the Amarna Age". And so it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites came up, and the Amalekites, and the children of the east, even they came up against . Chapter 2 Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet Jt. Many Old Babylonian terms for functionaries do not continue. An Elamite, Kutir-Nahhunte, captures the last Kassite king, Enlil-nadin-ahi (1157 - 1155 B.C. (Gen. 3:15) It is from the Horite priesthood that the priesthood of Israel developed. His body was never found and also coincidentally there was no chariots available for other wars for quite a while after that. Midianites in The Bible - King James Bible Online 88 f.) suggest that Babylon was resettled as early as ca. This negative find, compared with the hypothetical appearance of Kassite names in the documents from Old Babylonian Susa, may strengthen the case for an eastern origin of the Kassites. After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, two new empires rose to power. Large Map of the Roman Empire in the Early First Century - Click around on the Places. Biblical Archaeology Review is the guide on that fascinating journey. Submitted tags will be reviewed by site administrator before it is posted online.If you enter several tags, separate with commas. Iran 11.1 (1973): 1-27, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosII." This document includes a graphic timeline (imagemap) and a hypertexted text timeline P. Huber, P. Review of Gasche et al., Fall of Babylon, Archiv fr Orientforschung 46-47, 1999-2000, pp. The Kassites seem to be relatively new to the region, in view of the fact that they do not appear among the peoples who inhabited the central and southern Zagros according to Sargonic and Ur III sources. 42-122, 2022, Buchanan, Briggs. A. Kassites. License. 27181. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The rulers of the successive three post-Kassite dynasties (ca. Most cultic offices and lower administrative ranks were almost exclusively in the hands of Babylonians (Akkadians). The Kassites - Bible History [3], The origin and classification of the Kassite language, like the Sumerian language and Hurrian language, is uncertain, and, also like the two latter languages, has generated a wide array of speculation over the years, even to the point of linking it to Sanskrit. Did Jesus or The New Testament Authors Quote from The Apocryphal Books? What kind of government did the Kassites have? The Midianites were a biblical people who occupied territory east of the Jordan River and the Dead Sea, and southward through the desert wilderness of the Arabah. The Kassite rulers encouraged the collection, codification, and canonization of Babylonian religious-literary texts. J. K. Nashef, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der mittelbabylonischen und mittelassyrischen Zeit, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 5, Wiesbaden, 1982. Babylonian wealth and influence at this time is reflected in the use of the cuneiform script and the Babylonian language as the main form of diplomatic communication. 247 ff., 258 f.). 12.000 tablets, mostly unpublished) from the Kassite period is contained in an administrative archive which was excavated in Nippur and covers the period from ca. Babylonia was recognized as a great power by the other Near Eastern powers, namely, its neighbors and Egypt, according to the Amarna correspondence. 55 f., 231, 325 ff., 336 ff.). Kish in the Kassite Period (c. 1650-1150 B.C. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Its about events 700-1000 years later. "Kassitisch und Hurro-Urartisch. [39][40][41], The Babylonian and Assyrian king lists mention eight or nine early Kassite rulers whose names are not fully known and who precede the following kings. B. Landsberger, Assyrische Knigsliste und dunkles Zeitalter, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 8, 1954, pp. The chariot and the horse, which the Kassites worshipped, first came into use in Babylonia at this time. 1-44, van Koppen, Frans. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Brinkman, 1986). 1-8. Archaeologists divide it into three periods, Early Kassite (pre c. 1415 BC), Middle Kassite (c 1415 BC - 1225 BC), and Late Kassite (c. 1225 BC - 1155 BC). [6] As was typical in the region, there was some cross pollination with other religions. Possible traces of Kassites in Iranian nomenclature are negligible, for instance, Kagn, Kaakn < Kaaka@n, i.e., possibly "land of the Kassites" in Iran (see Eilers, 1957-58, p. 135). D. R. Frayne, Old Babylonian Period(2003-1595 BC), The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. 4.1: The Bronze Age States - Humanities LibreTexts Volume 2 Kardunia. Some kudurrus are kept in the Louvre in Paris and others in the National Museum of Iraq. Zeitschrift Fr Assyriologie & Vorderasiatische Archologie, 103(2), 183195. The fall of the First Sealand dynasty in 1460 BC created a power vacuum which the Kassites filled. What Are The Names of the Thieves Crucified With Christ. The Kassites: An ancient Near Eastern people, the Kassites ruled Babylonia from from 1531 BC to 1155 BC after the fall of the First Babylonian Empire. According to other ancient texts found concerning the Habiru, they were found to live all along the fertile crescent in the 2nd millennium BCE. The chronology of the Kassite rulers is very uncertain. Idem, Studies in Babylonian Feudalism of the Kassite Period, tr. They acted along with palatial and temple ones (see Edens, 1994, pp. Temples were granted whole villages with the tillers, who stood in dependency and an exploitation relationship (see Oelsner, 1982a, 1982b). Adad-shuma-usur had the longest reign that lasted for about 30 years. The specific purpose and intent of this entry is to present research on biblical synchronisms; references to the same or supposedly same historical events from multiple cultures. 95 ff. Kar-Duniash was the name given to ancient Babylon during the reign of the Kassite kings. Sassmannshausen (1999, pp. History and Archaeology of the World's Oldest CityBabel/Babylon and Sulaymaniyah Museum, Detail, facade of Inanna's Temple at Uruk, Kassite, 15th century BCE. ), whose kings were native Babylonians. Their empire, which lasted from the 20th to the seventh centuries B.C., was centered on the cities of Assur, Nineveh and Arbela in what is now northern Iraq. [28][29] A typical treaties include the EgyptianHittite peace treaty (c.1259 BC) and the treaty between the Kassite ruler Karaindash and the Assyrian ruler Ashur-bel-nisheshu (c. 1410 BC). 1-19. 11, No. Before entering Mesopotamia they were illiterate mountain people speaking a language that is not known today. This proves that the early Kassite state was able to assign large resources for huge projects. The city was built by Kurigalzu I (probably in the first quarter of the 15th century BCE). KASSITES - Encyclopaedia Iranica [18] Often situated on the surface, many were found early and made their way to museums around the world. "2. The genealogies of the Bible reveal that intermarriage of the ruler-priests lines continued to the time of Jesus. 257 ff. Please support World History Encyclopedia. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. Very little is known of their language because of the lack of texts (only a few incomplete sentences have survived). Yanoam, is not known (maybe Yaknoam). Mu-s-Sa Dates in the Kassite Period. Die Welt Des Orients, vol. Krishna was the father of Abraham (Brahma). The Kassites: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Civilization that Ruled the Babylonian Empire after Hammurabi and the First Babylonian Dynasty eBook : Charles River Editors: Amazon.co.uk: Kindle Store Thus Rameses means to come from Ra and Mosa would be incomplete, and as it says in Exodus he was drawn from the water. By the 14th century BCE, the Kassites controlled the whole of Babylonia, including the Diyala region. The opening of Joshua, chapter 10, describes the King of Jerusalem being afraid because of the capturing of Ai and Jericho by Joshua during battle. A. Brinkman, Kassiten (Kass), RLA, vol. and accepts with reservations V. G. Gurzadyans eclipse identifications (1458 and 1451 BCE). 411 f.) is of the opinion that they penetrated from the central Zagros via the lower Diyala region into northern Babylonia, notably the Sippar region during the late Old Babylonian period. The Middle Babylonian / Kassite Period (ca. 1595-1155 B.C.) in 14155, Hjlund, Flemming. Mesopotamian Pottery. The Bible is not specific as to the exact date. History of ancient Babylon - History Rundown Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur. "New Light on Dilbat: Kassite Building Activities on the Ura Temple E-Ibbi-Anum at Tell al-Deylam" Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. Christians have historically spoken of the Bible as being divided into the "Old" and the "New" testaments. Where is Ancient Babylon Located Today? - Answers Idem, Zur Organisation des gesellschaftlichen Lebens im kassitischen und nachkassitischen Babylonien: Verwaltungsstruktur und Gemeinschaften, in H. Hirsch and H. Hunger, eds., Vortrge gehalten auf der 28 Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale in Wien, 6.-10 Juli 1981, Archiv fr Orientforschung Beiheft 19, Vienna, 1982, pp. Your email address will not be published. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 219-45. In letter #108, Rib-Hadda gives praises to Baal and also Samas in the sky. Download Free PDF View PDF. Museum, B. The king at the time of Joshuas invasion was Adoni-zedek (Joshua 10:1-3), which would have had to come after Abdi-Heba since Joshua overtook southern and northern Palestine (Joshua 10-11). ; Sassmannshausen, 2000, pp. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. 4, 1965, pp. The Kassite Dynasty refurbished many of the ancient Babylonian cities and constructed a new city called Dur Kurigalzu (named after one of the Kassite kings) near modern Baghdad. [58] The seals were generally made of stone, glass, or clay. 3, 1979, pp. [32][33] The Kassites also extended their power into the Persian Gulf, including at Qal'at al-Bahrain. The Kassites influenced Babylonian culture after they took over the city-state. Idem, Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600 to 625 B.C. 1, pp. To the east of the Hittite Empire, Mesopotamia was not ruled by a single state or empire during most of the Bronze Age. (Joshua 24:2 NIV), So because Gideon broke down Baals altar, they gave him the name Jerub-Baal that day, saying, Let Baal contend with him. (Judges 6:32 NIV), You must not worship the LORD your God in their way, because in worshiping their gods, they do all kinds of detestable things the LORD hates. Abraham's Ur - Accuracy In Genesis The Hittites had carried off the idol of the god Marduk, but the Kassite rulers regained possession, returned Marduk to Babylon, and made him the equal of the Kassite Shuqamuna. It is likely that the already troublesome environment of the land assisted the Israelites in their task of taking over the land. Kassite deities - Wikipedia There is a radical change of the administrative terminology. Abraham was from the city of Ur according to Genesis 11:31 above. Kassites Govern Babylon - Amazing Bible Timeline with World History American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 421-436. and ruled the area for 576 years. The Sealand, which was ruled by another dynasty perhaps since the demise of Babylons rule in the south, was incorporated into Babylonia in ca. Historians and scholars claim that their rule was the longest in the history of ancient Babylon. [38], The annals of the Assyrian king Sennacherib detail that on his second, eastern, campaign of 702 BC he campaigned against the land of the Kassites, that being along the along the Diyala River between the Jebel Hamrin and the Darband-i-Khan. The mosaic glass beakers are thought to have been heirlooms, possibly for ritual use the find spot being a temple. The texts from the Kassite Period (1600-1160 BCE) start to overlap with the biblical texts of the Old Testament because at this point most nations already had developed a written language and new technologies allowed for communications to now be written down and passed along to others. 2023 Encyclopdia Iranica Foundation, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Donbaz, Veysel. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The section concludes with a brief appendix (chapter 45). World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Balkan, 1954, pp. Raphael Kutscher memorial volume, Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University, Occasional Publications 1, Tel Aviv, 1993, pp. Under the later Kassite kings political authority was weakened as peripheral provinces detached themselves from effective state control (see Brinkman, 1963, pp. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". 15:7). 421 f.). According to the accounts in Genesis, and the dates that follow throughout the entirety of the era of Kings and Judges, the Exodus occurred in 1312bce, which is 2448 years from the creation of Adam. Third Interim Report, 1944-5," Iraq, VIII, 1946, von Saldern, Axel. Books The ancient Near East: historical sources in translation. The Kassite kings were called, by themselves and their colleagues in other Near Eastern states, kings of the land of Kar(an)dunia, the latter being a term for Babylonia that may have been Kassite in origin (del Monte and Tischler, 1978, pp. - C., Burna-Buriash Ier ensures its . Given that their existence was before Joshua and the Canaan conquest, it is difficult to label these rebels as Hebrews specifically from Egypt. The Babylonians - Learn about ancient Babylon and the people who lived there. K. Balkan, Kassitenstudien, 1: Die Sprache der Kassiten, American Oriental Series 37, New Haven, 1954. 2, 1971, Ferrara, A. J. . It was discovered in 1896 and is stored in the Cairo Museum currently. to 540 B.C. Contemporary Kassite records are not numerous. 1465 BCE (Brinkman, 1972, p. 274; Edens 1994, p. 210). Many endure rather than enjoy reading these two chapters. This event saw the conquest of Babylon by the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great and marked the end of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Armstrong, James A., and Hermann Gasche. 2 And in the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month, the ninth day of the month, the city was broken up. The Tabernacle of Ancient Israel - Brief Overview of the Tabernacle of Moses in the Wilderness and the Ark of the Covenant. Easily See 6017 Years of Biblical and World History Together! Kassite period. M. Van De Mieroop, A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. [27] An International System came into place between these parties connected by widespread trade, treaties, and intermarriage between the ruling classes (especially between the Kassites and Elamites). The Babylonian Empire. One interesting aspect of these letters is that they are written in Akkadian cuneiform and not Egyptian. Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I (1243 - 1207 B.C.) Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. "uqamuna und u/imalija." World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. 1/2, 1981, pp. 1570 or 1560 BCE; see Zadok, 1999-2000, pp. 3, 1973, pp. She was the pharaohs daughter that pulled Moses from the water. This is the first entry which will cover the Kassite period (1600-1160 BCE). Bearded men, religious symbols, horned quadrupeds, and fauna are often shown in these images. A man named Tobiah the Ammonite is mentioned in Nehemiah 2:19 at the end of the Old Testament period (400s BC). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Midterm Flashcards | Chegg.com [21] At the site of Isin, which had been abandoned after the time of Samsu-iluna, major rebuilding work occurred on the religious district including the temple of Gula. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. that the plagues mentioned in the Book of Exodus from the Hebrew Bible . Unlike conquerors who preceded them, the Kassites do not seem to have been considered a foreign and intrusive element by the Babylonians in the post-Kassite period and later. They conquered lands in Mesopotamia and in what is now Turkey. 4553, Paulus, Susanne. Gezer has been captured; Babylonian Royal Land Grants, Memorials of Financial Interest, and Invocation of the Divine. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. . [30] That ruler initiated significant building efforts in Ur and other southern Mesopotamia cities. India's God Krishna Was the King of Jerusalem! - Viewzone [24] They were reported in Babylonia by the 18th century BC, especially around the area of Sippar. 492-507, Brinkman, J. v. The endonym of the Kassites was probably Galzu, although they have also been referred to by the names Kau, Kassi, Kasi or Kashi. Around 1500 BC. KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. The Kassite kings appear to have been members of a small military aristocracy but were apparently efficient rulers and not locally unpopular. The administration was directed from the palaces of various cities. the Kassites, take over this region, and you can see them . Recall that in the first five books of the Bible idolatry was a major issue. ; Cancik-Kirschbaum, 1996, no. 10, 1980, pp. Ancient Orient Museum, Lapis Lazuli fragment with building inscriptions, Kassite, from Iraq. What type of medicine do you put on a burn? 2, 1986, pp. The Babylonian Empire under the Kassites, c. 13th century BC. The city of Babylon had been a city-state in Mesopotamia for many years. It has also been suggested that the first element in Kudur-Enlil's name is derived from Elamite but that is disputed.[49][50]. One Kassite invention was the boundary stone (kudurru), a block of stone that served as a record of a grant of land by the king to favoured persons. 129, Brinkman, J. 10 f., is cautious and allows for the alternative Ka-a-i-i Bi-ma-ti-i, thereby keeping Bimat apart from the Kassites). The Incredible Bible - First in the BKA Series. 91-113. In addition, no Kassite anthroponyms and toponyms are recorded in these regions according to the above-mentioned early sources. What Is The Eye Of The Needle (Matthew 19:23-24 / Mark 10:25)? There, they are associated with the city of Ur and the Biblical patriarch Abraham, who was born in Ur. Cuneiform Texts in The Otago Museum: A preliminary report. Elam, Biblical Figure - Amazing Bible Timeline with World History Kassite. MOSAIC GLASS FROM HASANLU, MARLIK, AND TELL AL-RIMAH. Journal of Glass Studies, vol.