More than 85,000 victims died in the camp out of as many as 110,000 inmates deported there. [23][22], Polish historians and employees at the IPN; Monika Tomkiewicz and Piotr Semkw, reached similar conclusions. Luxury Car Tours. swisslotto. As the wife of Commandant SS Col Karl Koch, Isle Kochs extreme sadism meant she was as feared as any of the Nazi leaders. Arraigned 27 ex-officials and guards were judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Bothe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes. Stutthof Concentration Camp, Sztutowo - Tripadvisor Now 97, she has been found guilty of aiding and abetting the murders of more than 10,500 detainees. Get back into the undergrowth you crawled from, Dave. Among the 55,000 guards at the concentration camps, 10,000 were women and they were trained to be every bit as vicious as their male counterparts. ", How nine women escaped from a Nazi death march, Historic ocean treaty agreed after decade of talks, China looks at reforms to deepen Xi's control, Inside the enclave surrounded by pro-Russia forces, 'The nurses wanted me to feel guilty about my abortion, From Afghan TV fame to a US factory floor. Why Are There Superstitions Around Black Cats? DW sends out a daily selection of hard news and quality feature journalism. [23] The corpses used for this were not made from "harvested" bodies, and the byproduct of Spanner's work at the Danzig institute was collected. Though there is no evidence linking him to a specific killing, prosecutors argue that as a guard he helped the camp function and "supported the insidious and cruel killing of mainly Jewish prisoners.". A former SS guard wept in the dock on the first day of his trial for complicity in mass murder at a Nazi concentration camp during the second world war . The 92-year-old Israeli citizen traveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murder at Stutthof from 1944 to. Ten were sentenced to death. Another former Nazi camp guard, who is 101-years-old, was sentenced to five years in prison for being an accessory to murder in 3,500 cases at the . Twelve were sentenced to death, including the commander of the guards Johann Pauls, while the remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. Former Nazi SS Camp Guard, 94, Goes on Trial in Germany . It was liberated by the British army on April 15th, 1945. Germany: death of a suspected supervisor of a Nazi camp, under Irmgard Furchner, a stenographer and typist for the SS commander of the Stutthof concentration camp in modern-day Poland, was accused of being a key member of a death camp that murdered. Set up immediately upon Germanys September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. [11] In December 2018, the trial was suspended, since the convict had to be hospitalized for serious heart and kidney problems. At the time of her hanging, Barkmann was 25 years old. [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. He remembers searching for his mother, who had been in the women's camp at Stutthof, when he came across his friend Zigi. Koryski was taken from Lithuania to Stutthofin 1944, when he was 16 years old. Rising to the rank of supervisor at 19, she also worked at Auschwitz and Belsen, where she was arrested by British forces in 1945. 1570: Aonio Paleario, Italian religious reformer 1947: Ding Mocun, not as hot a lay in real life. "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. Nazi prison camp where inmates were forced to EAT each other [2], During the first trial held at Gdask from April 25, 1946, to May 31, 1946, the joint Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court tried and convicted of crimes against humanity a group of thirteen ex-officials and overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp in Sztutowo and its Bromberg-Ost subcamp for women located in the city of Bydgoszcz. Stutthof Concentration Camp. Required fields are marked *. As Soviet forces closed in on Stutthof in late April 1945, the Nazis decided to abandon the camp and sent the remaining inmates on a death march. When the Allies tried the perpetrators of the Holocaust after the end of the war, the public was surprised by the beastly behavior of female guards like Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath, who often committed worse acts than their male counterparts. This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. [1], The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by the barbed-wire fence. The girl was later declared dead by camp doctors. Found guilty of war crimes and sentenced to death. [10], Among the notable female guard personnel were: Elisabeth Becker, Erna Beilhardt, Ella Bergmann, Ella Blank, Gerda Bork, Herta Bothe, Erna Boettcher, Hermine Boettcher-Brueckner, Steffi Brillowski, Charlotte Graf, Charlotte Gregor, Charlotte Klein, Gerda Steinhoff, Ewa Paradies, and Jenny-Wanda Barkmann. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. Standing at 6ft 3in, Hertha Botte was an imposing figure, who also stood out from other SS guards because she wore civilian clothing instead of the hated uniform. The first contingent of 2,500 Jewish prisoners arrived from Auschwitz in July 1944. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. [9] The Wuppertal accused denied the allegations and declared that he was not present during the killings, and did not notice anything about it. The Holocaust Encyclopedia estimates that (less officially) some 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central Poland. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. SS-Aufseherin Jenny Wanda Barkmann - death by hanging 3. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. Barkmann was sentenced to hang, along with ten other defendants. The Executions of Nazi Stutthof camp SS female guards and kapos by former camp prisoners ThePastQuest 96K views 7 months ago Execution of Maria Masha Bruskina by nazi publicly hanging at. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. Jenny Barkmann: The "Beautiful Spectre" of Stutthof When she was 22, Barkmann began actively seeking work in the concentration camps. Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp[6] under the Danzig police chief, before its subsequent massive expansion. He added that his "work" had involved cleaning the crematorium, which meant loading bones and other burnt remains onto a cart to be thrown into a trench. Execution of concentration camp guards at Biskupia Gorka - Wikimedia [37] On 23 July 2020, he was given a two-year suspended sentence by the court in Hamburg. Former Nazi SS camp guard found guilty by German court - NBC News The Stutthof concentration camp in Poland. [17] Many died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944; those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at the Stutthof concentration camp near what is now . [3], The camp was established in connection with the ethnic cleansing project that included the liquidation of Polish elites (members of the intelligentsia, religious and political leaders) in the Danzig area and Western Prussia.[1]. Speaking through an interpreter, Koryski said he had seen SS guards put on sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners, includingoneinstance in which a son was forced to beat his father to death in front of other inmates. Some 65,000 of them died as victims of the Nazis, by starvation, typhoid, lethal injection or gas. An additional trial was attempted in November 2018, when Johann Rehbogen was accused of being an accessory to murder. She then ordered her dog, known as the big, bad, wolfhound to attack the sick girl, who was sitting on the ground, She later died from the bites. She was also notorious for beating inmates unconscious, often with a rubber truncheon, and she once pushed an old lady down a flight of stairs, killing her instantly. How healthy are India's 1.4 billion people? "You did not seek a way out," the judge said. [2], In 1953 the court in Gdask tried SS-man Bielawa (SS Rottenfhrer Paul Bielawa, a prisoner guard from the 3rd company in Stutthof between 194145)[1] and sentenced him to twelve years. (17.10.2019). [33] In February 2019 the trial of a defendant matching this description (whom Reuters reported could not be named for legal reasons) was halted after a medical report was issued stating that the defendant was unfit to stand trial, the trial already having been suspended since the previous December. In total, 21 women who worked in the concentration camps faced the gallows. The town of Sztutowo (Polish name for ' Stutthof') lies 55km east of Gdask and is easily accessed by both car and bus. Former Stutthof prisoners volunteered to serve as executioners for the public hanging on July 4, 1946. Wegerer told the trial that in 1941, a lampshade made of tanned, tattooed human skin was being prepared for Koch and that she arrived at the infirmary to choose among the available tanned, parchment-thin human skins, the ones with suitable tattoos, for the lampshade.. While I was standing, she kicked me in my back, causing me to fall. Further in the background is the guard SS-Oberscharfhrer Johann Pauls and several Polish kapos. Ex-Nazi camp guard, dies, case against him ends - DW - 02/28/2023 The second trial was held from 8 October to 31 October 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Putting names to archive photos, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, In photos: India's disappearing single-screen cinemas. The event drew an immense crowd of approximately 200,000 people, and due to humanitarian concerns, authorities refrained from organizing further public executions. In December of the same year, a 97-year-old former secretary of the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland was given a two-year suspended prison sentence. [7], In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since the camp was completely encircled by Soviet forces. She showed no hesitation in beating her victims to death and displayed no remorse when selecting women and children for the gas chambers. Bruno Dey was convicted of complicity in mass murder there last year and given a suspended sentence, She was recorded to have been 6ft 3 and known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her merciless beatings of female prisoners. "I was told by the museum that the Nazis laid explosives around the buildings and set them on a timer to explode after they had evacuated, but the timer malfunctioned. Basic Information", "Review of Profesor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960. 1939: 250 Polish citizens and P.O.W. National Socialism is destruction , terror, repression, waste, and death. Erected in 1939, it saw two horrific epidemics of typhus kill thousands of its already dying population in 1942 and 1944. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. "Worst of all were the whips.". The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Although Bruno D. is 93, he is being tried in a juvenile court because he was 17 in August 1944 when he started working as a guard at Stutthof, set up by the Nazis in the territory of the former Free City of Danzig, now known as Gdansk and part of modern Poland. Koch told the court the shades were goatskin, and prosecutors at the trial found there was no evidence to prove they were human flesh. From left to right: Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, and Gerda Steinhoff. The Best Medical History Books Everyone Should Rea, The Lovers of Valdaro A Double Burial From Neolithic Italy. Now 92, he vividly remembers the five camps and sub-camps of Stutthof that he was sent to. Buffalo shooting - 'Gunman' Gregory Ulrich 'held grudge against docs for refusing him painkillers' before killing nurse. Female Nazi guards tortured and killed thousands, beat naked women to Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. The trial is set to begin in October. Countless prisoners who were left too weak to work were simply murdered. [3] The first executions were carried out on 11 January and 22 March 1940 89 Polish activists and government officials were shot. She died in 1989. Tens of thousands of people, perhaps as many as 100,000, were deported to the Stutthof camp. Semkw states that the presence of human fat tissue has been confirmed in the samples of soapy grease (claimed to be "unfinished soap"[23]) from Danzig presented during the trials through analysis performed by the IPN and Gdask University of Technology in 2011[24][25] and 2006,[26][27] respectively, but his and Tomkiewicz research concluded that this was a byproduct stemming from Spanner's work in bone maceration at the institute unrelated to the Stutthof camp. [1][2] The actual barracks were built the following year by prisoners. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a network of forced-labor camps. Ex-SS guard convicted in Germany's 'last' Holocaust trial Ilse also had a deadly fascination for tattoos and, at a later trial for war crimes, witnesses said she selected men with the best body art for slaughter - turning their skin into lampshades and book covers. There were also Polish Jews from Warsaw and Bialystok, and Jews from forced-labor camps in the occupied Baltic states, which the Germans evacuated in 1944 as Soviet forces approached. [35][36], Another Nazi camp guard, Bruno Dey, from Hamburg was charged in October 2019 of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. As the Nazis consolidated their power in the 1930s, many younger people like Barkmann became enthralled by the Fuhrer and joined the Hitler Youth and other equivalents. [3] The inmate population rose to 6,000 in the following two weeks, on 15 September 1939. Loved seeing the nazi scum hanging,i hope they suffered a long agonising death. [2], The first Polish war crimes tribunal was convened at Gdask, Poland, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. Stutthof - ID Cards/Oral Histories | Holocaust Encyclopedia Read more:Nazi guard testifies about Stutthof concentration camp, To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video. English: Execution of Stutthof concentration campoverseers at Biskupia Grka(from left to right): Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaffand Gerda Steinhoff, further the guard SS-OberscharfhrerJohann Pauls(the chief of the work detail "Waldkolonne") and Polish kapos Date 4 July 1946 Source It was claimed that she beat women inmates to death and whipped others to within an inch of their lives using a plaited cellophane whip, a belt and a walking stick. You excuses for human beings are no better than you accuse the National Socialists of being. Stutthof Concentration Camp (Poland) - JewishGen [3] Gassing with Zyklon B began in June 1944. In total, the sub-camps held 110,000 prisoners from 25 countries according to the Jewish Virtual Library. "I was first in Stutthof in August '43 for close to a month and then two other [camps] before I returned at the end of 1944 for a second time," he told the BBC. At her 1945 trial, survivor Dora Silverberg testified that Juana knocked her teeth out when she reported that her friend was very sick and couldnt walk to the working site because she was so weak. Due to the stark contrast between her physical attractiveness and her barbaric behavior, the prisoners dubbed her the Beautiful Spectre.. The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system in northern Poland began in January 1945. Female Nazi war criminals - Capital Punishment U.K Koryski told the court it "was no secret" that people were being killed in the camp's gas chamberbefore being burned, because of the smell that spread through the barracks. [2] Pauly was tried by the British for war crimes with thirteen others in the Curio Haus in Hamburg which was located in the British occupied sector of Germany. The 92-year-old Israeli citizentraveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murderat Stutthof from 1944 to 1945. His testimony is part of a court case against a 93-year-old former guard. Sadistic Koch - known as the Witch of Buchenwald - was just one of many women who murdered, maimed and tortured Jewish prisoners in the Holocaust. [2], Nine SS men and the Kapo Nikolaysen were executed on October 28, 1948:[4], The third trial was held from November 5, 1947, to November 10, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. RIDING through the grounds of Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, Ilse Koch spotted a tattooed prisoner and pointed him out to a nearby guard - sealing his gruesome fate. Support the channel by subscribing, liking, and sharing. The Stutthof concentration camp was established by Nazi Germany near the village of the same name, now called Sztutowo and located in Poland's Pomeranian Voivodeship, on 2nd September 1939. At the age of 24, she accompanied a death march of women from central Poland to Bergen-Belsen. The EVIL Female Guards Of Stutthof Concentration Camp . Manfred Goldberg was 13 when he was sent to Stutthof concentration camp near the coast of the Baltic Sea in August 1943. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. Washington, DC 20024-2126 She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death. It was approximately 36 km east of the city of Gdansk, where the Visla river flows into the Baltic Sea. Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/theuntoldpastFollow me on Instagram: www.instagram.com/theuntoldpastDisclaimer: All opinions and comment stated below in the Comments section do not represent the opinion of TheUntoldPast. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed.
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